Sukhum ( abh. Aҟәa / Aqua / cargo . სოხუმი / Sokhumi / , from 1936 to 1992 [9] [ 10] - Sukhumi , the name is often used at the moment ) . Capital of the Republic of Abkhazia.
At the site of the city in the VI. BC. e . Antique Dioscuriada colony was then - the Roman fortress Sebastopolis [3]. At the beginning of VI century belonged to the Byzantine Empire [3] [ 7]. In the Middle Ages as part of the Georgian Kingdom [5] [ 7]. In XVI - early XIX centuries, the city was ruled by feudal lords and Abkhaz called Sukhum-Kale [3] [ 7]. In 1810, Russian was taken during the Russian -Turkish war . In the second half of the 1840s was granted city status [3] [ 11] [ 12].
Etymology [edit | edit source code ]
In the Georgian chronicles locality mentioned since VIII [ 3 ]-X [ 6] centuries . as ცხუმი [ 14] [15 ] [ Tskhumi ] [5 ] [6] ( also the name of a Russian language is passed as Tskhum [2] [ 3] [ 16] [ 4]). Usually associated with the etymology of the word Svanetian Tskhumi word - " hornbeam " [5 ] [17] , there is also a version , voiced in particular by Joseph Orbeli [16] and , subsequently , Oleg Trubacheva , the origin of the word Tskhum -Georgian Megrel and Chansk Tskhum - " twins" , within the meaning of the relevant Greek name Dioscuriada [4].
Built in 1724 by the Turks the fortress and the city became known as Sukhum-Kale [5 ] [6] (Turkish su - "water" Hum - "sand" , feces - "fortress" , "city" ) . [18]
With the accession of the Caucasus to the Russian Empire established Russified name Sukhum [5]. In the Abkhaz language used placename Aҟәa [ Aqua ] [19] , in the Georgian - სოხუმი [ Sokhumi ] .
In August 1936, [8] the city was officially renamed in Sukhumi , and the placename Sukhum actually continued to be used in conjunction with a new name [20]. In December 1992, the Supreme Council of the unrecognized Republic of Abkhazia issued a decree to rename the Sukhumi Sukhumi [9 ] [10] . The same placename specified by the Federal Agency of Geodesy and Cartography of Russia in October 2008 as the title of the capital of the Republic of Abkhazia after the recognition of the last Russian ) [21].
Geography [edit | edit source code]
Located in the central part of the country, 107 km from the border with Russia on the Black Sea coast, on the shore of Sukhumi bay. Rivers through the city bustle (Besletka) and Suhumka (Hakipsy), with its southern limits Kyalasur river.
Climate [edit | edit source code]
Climate in Sukhum humid subtropical. Average annual temperature 17 ° C, sea water warms up to +28 ° C - +30 ° C. Winter is warm, (+8 ° C - +14 ° C), the summers are hot and humid (+24 ° C - +30 ° C).
Culture [edit | edit source code]
Drama Theatre. S. Renhe
Abkhazian State Philharmonic
In the 60-ies of the XIX century in Sukhum was created museum.
Since 1930, the city has Abkhazian Drama Theatre in 1963 opened an art gallery.
Also in Sukhum is Central Exhibition Hall of Artists Union of Abkhazia.
In February 2009, after reconstruction reopened Abkhazian State Philharmonic.